![]() "All of that has been disrupted by the 19th century," says Wilkerson.ĭoes that mean that in the absence of absolutes, Nietzsche advocated for strict utilitarianism (actions are "right" if they promote happiness for the most people) or wanton hedonism (the pursuit of pleasure is the highest good)? Absolutely not. ![]() When Nietzsche says that "God is dead," he's not just saying that the authority of the Church has been nullified (though he believed that), but rather, there is no such thing anymore as an "absolute." No philosophical absolutes, no logical absolutes, no absolutes in nature, and certainly no religious absolutes like absolute "good" or absolute "evil." And Darwin challenged the traditional religious basis of creation with his earth-shattering theories of evolution. Old kingdoms gave way to the rise of the nation state. Railroads moved people, goods and ideas like never before. The second half of the 19th century was a time of tremendous social, economic and political upheaval. ![]() Ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images ![]()
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